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Cement Evaluation and Repair Workshop

William "Bill" K. Ott, PhD
James Smolen

INSTRUCTORS: William K. “Bill” Ott, PE and James J. Smolen, PhD
DISCIPLINE: Engineering
COURSE LENGTH: 2 Days
CEUS: 1.6
AVAILABILITY: Public & In-House

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SAMPLE TOPIC FROM THE CLASS: “Cement Evaluation and Remediation”

WHO SHOULD ATTEND? Drilling and completion engineers, field supervisors, petroleum engineers and geologists, company executives and officials, independent producers, field personnel with operating & service companies, production managers and engineers.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This two-day training course will focus on detection of fluid channels, voids and leaks, and their effective repair. Poor cement coverage often leads to production of undesired fluids, disposal problems, reservoir pressure decline, loss of hydrocarbon reserves and other problems. Aim to evaluate and discuss various technologies used to repair leak paths due to wellbore ages which can develop allowing fluid to migrate from the high-pressure downhole strata through leakage paths in the containment.

Numerous logging tools and techniques are available to evaluate cement issues prior to initial completion or anytime during the life of the well.  Topics on the technologies that are available to repair the primary cement to the proper stage of hydraulic isolation or solve the SCP problem will be discussed during the training course. The morning of the course is dedicated to cement evaluation and the afternoon to cement repair.

COURSE CONTENT:

Day 1: Cement Evaluation – Dr. Jim Smolen

  • Cement and Isolation
  • Acoustic Bond Logs – What They Measure
    • Types of Acoustic Bond Logs
  • Cement Bond LOG (CBL) Tool Configuration and Operations
  • Tool Configuration
    • Acoustic Signal Path
  • The Received Signal and Logs Presented
    • Wavetrain display
    • CBL Amplitude Curve
    • The Variable density Log (VDL)
    • Travel Time Curve
  • CBL Log Presentation
    • Basic Presentation
  • Factors Affecting Tool Performance
    • Centralization
    • Fast Formation
    • Microannulus
    • Cement Curing Time
    • Borehole Fluids
    • Other Factors
  • Quantitative Cement Bond Log Evaluation
    • Bond Index – Definition
    • Bond Index – Computation Using Schlumberger chart
    • Bond Index – Tenneco/Fitzgerald Techniques
    • Bond Index – Annular Fill vs. Compressive Strength
    • Using Bond Index
  • Special and Non-Standard CBL Examples
    • Foamed Cement
    • Open and Cased Hole VDL
    • Detection of Natural Fractures and Laminations
    • Evaluation of Squeeze Effectiveness
  • Borehole Compensated Cement Bond Logs
    • Availability of the Service
    • Tool Configuration and Operation
    • Log Presentation
  • Pad Type CBL, the Segmented Bond Tool (SBT)
    • SBT Tool Configuration and Operation
    • SBT Log Presentation
  • Bond Logs with Directional Receivers
  • Points to Remember

 

Day 2: Cement Repair – William K. Ott

  • Squeeze Cementing
    • Where does the cement go on a squeeze job?
    • What is formation breakdown and is it necessary?
    • Should water or mud be used for breakdown?
    • Will squeezed cement completely surround a wellbore?
    • Can perforations be plugged with cement?
    • Can the quantity of cement be controlled during placement?
  • Problem Diagnosis
  • Squeeze Cementing Theory
  • Squeeze Methods
    • Bradenhead Method (no tools)
    • Bullhead Method
    • Squeeze Tool Method
    • Interface Placement
    • Coiled Tubing Squeeze Method
    • High-Pressure Squeeze Method
    • Low-Pressure Squeeze Method
    • Squeezing Low-Pressure Fractured
  • Placement Techniques
    • Running Squeeze Placement
    • Staging Technique
    • Hesitation Pumping
    • Building Final Squeeze Pressure
  • Tools and Job Considerations
    • Squeeze Tool Selection
    • Bridge Plugs
    • Retrievable Packers
    • Drillable Retainers
    • Accessory Equipment
    • Pressuring-up the Backside
    • Circulating Out
  • Well Preparation
    • Completion Fluids
    • Perforating
    • Spearhead Fluids
    • Injection Test
  • Job Planning
  • Slurry Design and Preparation
    • Fluid Loss
    • Pumping/Working Time
    • Compressive Strength and WOC (Waiting on Cement)
    • Other Design Parameters
    • Slurry Volume
  • Basic Procedures
    • Slurry Mixing
    • Slurry Placement
    • Displacing
    • Squeezing Pressures
    • Cleanup
    • Wait on Cement (WOC)
  • Applications
    • Repairing a Deficient Primary Cementing Job
    • Supplementing a Primary Cement Job
    • Shutting Off Unwanted Water
    • Reducing the Gas/Oil Ratio
    • Repairing a Casing Split, Corrosion Holes or Small Holes
    • Abandoning Nonproductive or Depleted Zones
    • Block Squeeze
    • Liner Top and Shoe Leak Cementing
  • Alternatives to Cement
  • Specialty Products and Techniques
    • Squeeze Cementing Through Coiled Tubing
    • Foamed Cement
    • Liquid Stone Cement
    • Micro Matrix Cement
    • SqueezCRETE Cement
    • Thermatek Rigid Setting Fluid
  • Evaluating a Squeeze Cementing Job
    • Positive Pressure Test
    • Negative Pressure Test
    • Acoustic Log
    • Temperature Profile
    • Radioactive Tracers
  • Reasons for Failures
    • Misconceptions
    • Cement slurry penetrates the pores of the rock
    • High pressure is needed to obtain a good squeeze
    • Plugged perforations
    • Improper packer location
    • High final squeeze pressure
  • Conclusions
  • Summary of Recommended Practices

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